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URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:83-opus-37376
URL: http://opus.kobv.de/tuberlin/volltexte/2012/3737/
Size-dependent ultrafast ionization dynamics of nanoscale samples in intense femtosecond x-ray free-electron laser pulses
Größenabhängige ultraschnelle Ionisationsdynamik von Proben auf der Nanoskala in intensiven Femtosekundenpulsen von Freie-Elektronen-Lasern
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Kurzfassung auf Englisch
All matter exposed to intense femtosecond x-ray pulses from the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) free-electron laser is strongly ionized on femtosecond time scales. On these time scales, the ionization is competing with the lifetimes of the created inner-shell vacancies. In the present work, it is shown that for nanoscale objects the environment, i.e., nanoparticle size, is an im-portant parameter for the time-dependent ionization dynamics in intense x-ray pulses because it has an influence on the inner-shell vacancy liftimes. As a sample system, argon atoms and clusters with sizes between ?N? =55 and ?N? =1600 were chosen. The clusters were irradiated with 480 eV x-ray pulses reaching power-densities of up to a few 10^17 W/cm^2. At this photon energy dominantly the argon L-shell is ionized and the remaining vacancies are most likely filled via Auger decay. To investigate the electron dynamics, the x-ray pulse length was tuned between 30 fs and 85 fs, using the novel LCLS slotted spoiler technique. The ionization products were measured with an ion time-of-flight spectrometer with a special slit aperture. This aperture efficiently suppresses atomic background, which yields cluster spectra of unprecedented quality. Spectra for different pulse lengths and a range of pulse energies were collected for atoms and all cluster sizes. In atoms, as in clusters, longer x-ray pulses are absorbed more efficiently than shorter x-ray pulses with the same number of photons. To shed light on size-dependent effects in clusters, an independent measure for the time-dependent component of the absorption for every cluster size was found by means of x-ray induced transparency increase (XITI). The XITI increases from atoms to clusters and shows a clear cluster size dependence. A rate equation model for the ionization of atomic systems has been developed to support the interpretation of the experimentally determined XITI as a function of the cluster size. As a result, the Auger lifetimes of large argon clusters are found to be longer than for small clusters and isolated atoms. This is due to delocalization of the valence electrons in the x-ray induced nanoplasma, resulting in a smaller overlap between valence electrons and core holes. As a consequence, large nanometer sized samples absorb intense femtosecond x-ray pulses less efficiently than small ones.
Kurzfassung auf Deutsch
Jegliche Materie, die den intensiven Femtosekunden-Röntgenpulsen des Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) Freie-Elektronen Lasers ausgesetzt ist, wird sehr stark ionisiert. Auf den Femtosekundenzeitskalen der Pulse, konkurriert die Ionisierungsrate mit den Lebensdauern der Innerschalenlöcher. In dieser Arbeit wird gezeigt, dass für Teilchen auf der Nanometerskala der Einfluss der Umgebung, d.h. die Teilchengröβe, ein wichtiger Parameter für die zeitabhängige Ionisierung in intensiven Röntgenpulsen ist, weil sie Auswirkungen auf die Lebensdauern von Innerschalenlöchern hat. Als Probensystem wurden Argon-Atome und Argon-Cluster mit einer Gröβe zwischen
| Freie Schlagwörter (Deutsch): | Cluster , Freie-Elektronen-Laser , Ionisationsdynamik , LCLS , Nanoplasma | |
| Freie Schlagwörter (Englisch): | Cluster , Free-Electron-Laser , Ionizationdynamics , LCLS , Nanoplasma | |
| Institut: | Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik | |
| Fakultät: | Fakultät II - Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften | |
| DDC-Sachgruppe: | Physik | |
| Dokumentart: | Dissertation | |
| Hauptberichter: | Möller, Thomas (Prof. Dr.) | |
| Sprache: | Englisch | |
| Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: | 30.10.2012 | |
| Erstellungsjahr: | 2012 | |
| Publikationsdatum: | 02.11.2012 | |
| Lizenz: | Minimallizenz mit PoD (Print-on-Demand): Typ Dissertation |